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4 | <title>HOWTO Samhain on Windows</title>
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118 | </style></head>
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119 | <body>
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120 | <div class="body">
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121 | <p style="text-align: center; background: #ccc; border: 1px solid #2d5588;"><a
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122 | style="text-decoration: none;"
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123 | href="http://www.la-samhna.de/samhain/">samhain file integrity
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124 | scanner</a> | <a style="text-decoration: none;"
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125 | href="http://www.la-samhna.de/samhain/s_documentation.html">online
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126 | documentation</a></p>
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127 | <br><center>
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128 | <h1>Using Samhain on Windows</h1>
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129 | </center>
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130 | <br>
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131 | <hr>
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132 | <p>
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133 | This document aims to explain how to compile and run
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134 | samhain on Windows with the
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135 | <b>Cygwin</b> POSIX emulation layer, and how to install it as a service.
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136 | These instructions have been written by Kris Dom,
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137 | who has tested this on WinXP Professional, with additions by Geries Handal
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138 | and Jorge Morgado.
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139 | </p>
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140 | <div class="block">
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141 | <h3>Interix / Services For UNIX</h3>
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142 | <p>
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143 | Samhain can also be used with Interix/SFU 3.5. Note that in Interix,
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144 | the Windows
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145 | filesystem is referred as <tt>/dev/fs/C</tt>, while in Cygwin it
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146 | is <tt>/cygdrive/c</tt> (both refers to the <tt>C:</tt> drive; other drives
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147 | are analogous).
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148 | </p><p>
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149 | Older versions of samhain would need to be built with
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150 | <tt>./configure --disable-mail</tt> (i.e. without support for email
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151 | logging) because Interix does not provide some of the required functionality
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152 | to build the email module. This issue should be fixed as of samhain
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153 | version 2.0.7 (not tested).<br />
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154 | [Based on information kindly provided by Geries Handal].
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155 | </p>
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156 | </div>
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157 |
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158 | <h2>Cygwin installation procedure to compile samhain</h2>
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159 |
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160 | <h3>Cygwin download</h3>
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161 |
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162 | <ul>
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163 | <li>
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164 | Make a temporary directory to store cygwin installer (e.g. c:\temp\cygwin)
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165 | </li>
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166 | <li>
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167 | Surf to <a href="http://www.cygwin.com">http://www.cygwin.com</a>
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168 | to download cygwin
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169 | </li>
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170 | <li>
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171 | Use the "install or update now (using setup.exe)" to
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172 | download the installer in c:\temp\cygwin
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173 | </li>
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174 | <li>
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175 | Execute "setup.exe" in c:\temp\cygwin
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176 | </li>
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177 | <li>
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178 | Choose the "download from the Internet" option
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179 | </li>
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180 | <li>
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181 | Choose "c:\temp\cygwin" as 'Local Package Directory'
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182 | </li>
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183 | <li>
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184 | Choose an FTP site
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185 | </li>
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186 | <li>
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187 | Click on 'Default' just after 'All' to change the installation type
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188 | from 'Default' to 'Install'. This will most likely install way too much
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189 | stuff but I am not familiar with Cygwin, so this way I know that all libs and
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190 | compilers are installed.
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191 | </li>
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192 | <li>
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193 | Let it download the stuff (there is a lot to download so be patient).
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194 | </li>
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195 | </ul>
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196 | <div class="block">
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197 | <p>
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198 | You don't need to download and install All packages. It is enough to keep
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199 | the Default and then add the following additional packages:
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200 | </p>
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201 | <p>
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202 | Category Devel -> gcc: C compiler upgrade helper<br/>
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203 | Category Devel -> make: The GNU version of the 'make' utility<br/>
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204 | Category Libs -> minires: A simple synchronous non caching stub resolver<br/>
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205 | </p>
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206 | <p>
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207 | When selecting these packages, Cygwin installer will automatically add
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208 | other packages based on their dependencies.
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209 | The package minires is only necessary for a minimal Cygwin installation
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210 | (below). [Kindly pointed out by Jorge Morgado].
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211 | </p>
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212 | </div>
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213 |
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214 | <h3>Cygwin installation</h3>
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215 |
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216 | <ul>
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217 | <li>
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218 | When the download is complete you have the Cygwin software in the
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219 | temporary directory, however, it still needs to be installed.
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220 | </li>
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221 | <li>
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222 | To install, execute the "setup.exe" in "c:\temp\cygwin"
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223 | </li>
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224 | <li>
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225 | Choose the "Install from local directory" option.
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226 | </li>
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227 | <li>
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228 | Choose "C:\Cygwin" as root directory (this will be the Unix '/')
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229 | </li>
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230 | <li>
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231 | Choose the Local Package Directory: "c:\temp\cygwin"
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232 | </li>
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233 | <li>
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234 | Click on 'Default' just after 'All' to change the installation type
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235 | from 'Default' to 'Install'.
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236 | </li>
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237 | <li>
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238 | Let it install Cygwin (this will take some time so be patient).
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239 | </li>
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240 | </ul>
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241 |
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242 | <h3>Samhain install procedure (used 'samhain 1.8.7a' in this procedure)</h3>
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243 | <p>
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244 | (in the following procedure I use my personal preferences)
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245 | </p>
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246 |
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247 | <ul>
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248 | <li>
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249 | Start up Cygwin using the "Cygwin" icon on the desktop (a classic
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250 | Unix environment will be started).
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251 | </li>
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252 | <li>
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253 | Download the 'samhain' gzip/tar (I always put in my home directory)
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254 | </li>
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255 | <li>
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256 | Make directories to install samhain (taking into account the configure
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257 | options):<br />
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258 | <tt>$ mkdir /usr/local/sbin</tt><br />
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259 | <tt>$ mkdir /usr/local/var</tt><br />
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260 | <tt>$ mkdir /usr/local/log</tt><br />
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261 | <tt>$ mkdir /usr/local/tmp</tt><br />
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262 | </li>
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263 | <li>Go to the home directory:<br />
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264 | <tt>$ cd $HOME</tt>
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265 | </li>
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266 | <li>Un-gzip and untar the samhain package:<br />
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267 | <tt>$ gunzip samhain-1.8.7a.tar.gz</tt><br />
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268 | <tt>$ tar xvf samhain-1.8.7a.tar</tt><br />
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269 | </li>
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270 | <li>Go to the samhain directory:<br />
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271 | <tt>$ cd samhain-1.8.7a</tt><br />
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272 | </li>
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273 | <li>Configure:<br />
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274 | <tt>$ ./configure --enable-xml-log=yes --with-tmp-dir=/usr/local/tmp --with-config-file=/usr/local/etc/samhainrc --with-log-file=/usr/local/log/samhain.log --with-pid-file=/usr/local/var/samhain.pid --with-state-dir=/usr/local/var</tt><br />
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275 | </li>
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276 | <li>Make the binary:<br />
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277 | <tt>$ make</tt><br />
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278 | </li>
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279 | <li>Install samhain:<br />
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280 | <tt>$ make install</tt><br />
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281 | </li>
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282 | <li>Now configure the "/usr/local/etc/samhainrc" file.<br />
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283 | Remember: "C:\" -> "/cygdrive/c/"
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284 | </li>
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285 | <li>Initialize the samhain local baseline database:<br />
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286 | <tt>$ /usr/local/sbin/samhain -t init</tt><br />
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287 | </li>
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288 | <li>Start it up:<br />
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289 | <tt>$ /usr/local/sbin/samhain -t check</tt><br />
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290 | </li>
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291 | </ul>
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292 |
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293 |
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294 | <h2>Cygwin minimal installation procedure to run samhain</h2>
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295 |
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296 | <ul>
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297 | <li>
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298 | Files needed to create a service (from NT/W2K Resource Kit):
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299 | <ul>
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300 | <li>
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301 | instsrv.exe
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302 | </li>
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303 | <li>
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304 | srvany.exe
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305 | </li>
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306 | </ul>
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307 | </li>
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308 | <li>
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309 | First copy these files to the "%winnt%\system32" directory.
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310 | </li>
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311 | <li>
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312 | Files needed to run the 'samhain.exe'. Copy the following .dll from the
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313 | Cygwin setup (c:\Cygwin\bin) to the "%winnt%\system32" directory:
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314 | <ul>
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315 | <li>
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316 | cygwin1.dll
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317 | </li>
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318 | <li>
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319 | cygminires.dll
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320 | </li>
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321 | </ul>
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322 | </li>
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323 | <li>
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324 | Files needed from c:\Cygwin\bin to create the /etc/passwd and /etc/group files:
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325 | <ul>
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326 | <li>
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327 | mkpasswd.exe
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328 | </li>
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329 | <li>
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330 | mkgroup.exe
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331 | </li>
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332 | </ul>
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333 | <p>
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334 | To generate these files on a minimal Cygwin installation execute - on a
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335 | Windows Command Prompt:
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336 | </p><p>
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337 | <tt>mkdir c:\etc</tt><br />
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338 | <tt>path\to\mkpasswd.exe -l > c:\etc\passwd</tt><br />
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339 | <tt>path\to\mkgroup.exe -l > c:\etc\group</tt>
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340 | </p><p>
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341 | IMPORTANT NOTE: You should re-create these two files, each time the
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342 | Windows users and groups accounts database changes. Failing to do this
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343 | might generate critical log messages (depending on your configuration
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344 | file).
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345 | </p>
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346 | </li>
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347 | <li>
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348 | Create a directory structure for samhain (following the compilation options
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349 | you used)<br />
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350 | - in a DOS box (or via Windows Explorer)<br />
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351 | <tt>mkdir c:\usr</tt><br />
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352 | <tt>mkdir c:\usr\local</tt><br />
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353 | <tt>mkdir c:\usr\local\sbin</tt><br />
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354 | <tt>mkdir c:\usr\local\var</tt><br />
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355 | <tt>mkdir c:\usr\local\tmp</tt><br />
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356 | <tt>mkdir c:\usr\local\log</tt><br />
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357 | <tt>mkdir c:\usr\local\etc</tt><br />
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358 | </li>
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359 | <li>
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360 | Use the "instsrv.exe" binary to create a new service:<br />
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361 | <tt>instsrv.exe samhain c:\windows\system32\srvany.exe</tt><br />
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362 | (this will create a service called "Samhain" that will
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363 | start the "srvany.exe" process).
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364 | </li>
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365 | <li>Now edit the registry to change the startup parameters for the newly
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366 | created service:
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367 | <ul>
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368 | <li>regedit</li>
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369 | <li>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE->SYSTEM->CurrentControlSet->Services->Samhain</li>
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370 | <li>Add a String value (type: REG_SZ called: "Description") under the 'Samhain' key</li>
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371 | <li>Open the newly created "Description" value and fill in a description for the 'Samhain' service</li>
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372 | <li>Add a key to specify what file the "srvany.exe" process must start:<br />
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373 | Edit->New->Key called "Parameters"
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374 | </li>
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375 | <li>Under the newly created "Parameters" key, add a new String
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376 | value called "Application".<br />
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377 | The value for "Application"
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378 | should be "c:\usr\local\sbin\samhain.exe".</li>
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379 | </ul>
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380 | </li>
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381 | <li>
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382 | Make sure that in the "samhainrc" file, you have used
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383 | "/cygdrive/c" to refer to "c:"
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384 | </li>
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385 | <li>
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386 | Initialize the samhain baseline database first:<br />
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387 | <tt>c:\usr\local\sbin\samhain -t init</tt><br />
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388 | </li>
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389 | <li>
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390 | Reboot (it is Windows so ...)
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391 | </li>
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392 | </ul>
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393 | <p>
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394 | Also see <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/q137890/">http://support.microsoft.com/kb/q137890/</a> for information regarding the creation of a
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395 | user-defined service.
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396 | </p>
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397 | <p>
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398 | Note: the first time I tried to install samhain as an NT service, I first
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399 | installed a default Cygwin on the system. This however made things much more
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400 | complex. I think when there is no Cygwin installed, it is more easy to install
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401 | Samhain as a service.
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402 | </p>
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403 |
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404 |
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405 | <h2>Troubleshooting samhain</h2>
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406 |
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407 | <p>
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408 | [Tip from Jorge Morgado] If you, like me, have a Windows server not part of any domain and (for
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409 | security reasons) you even turn off DNS resolution, you might probably get
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410 | the following error when initializing the baseline database:
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411 | </p>
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412 | <pre>
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413 | --------- sh_unix.c --- 1487 ---------
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414 | According to uname, your nodename is yourcomputername, but your resolver
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415 | library cannot resolve this nodename to a FQDN.
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416 | Rather, it resolves this to yourcomputername.
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417 | For more information, see the entry about self-resolving under
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418 | 'Most frequently' in the FAQ that you will find in the docs/ subdirectory
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419 | ----------------------------------------------
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420 | </pre>
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421 | <p>
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422 | To fix this problem open the Registry Editor and create the following
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423 | entries under the key
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424 | HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
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425 | </p>
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426 | <p>
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427 | <tt>
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428 | Name: Domain<br/>
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429 | Type: REG_SZ<br/>
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430 | Data: your.domain.name
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431 | </tt>
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432 | </p><p>
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433 | <tt>
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434 | Name: NV Domain<br/>
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435 | Type: REG_SZ<br/>
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436 | Data: your.domain.name
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437 | </tt>
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438 | </p><p>
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439 | The NV Domain registry value contains the computer's primary DNS suffix
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440 | while the Domain registry value contains the computer's primary DNS
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441 | domain. This will make the warning message go away.
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442 | </p>
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443 | </div>
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444 | </body>
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445 | </html>
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