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| 119 |
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| 120 | <body>
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| 121 | <div class="body">
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| 122 | <p style="text-align: center; background: #ccc; border: 1px solid #2d5588;"><a
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| 123 | style="text-decoration: none;"
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| 124 | href="http://www.la-samhna.de/samhain/">samhain file integrity
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| 125 | scanner</a> | <a style="text-decoration: none;"
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| 126 | href="http://www.la-samhna.de/samhain/s_documentation.html">online
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| 127 | documentation</a></p>
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| 128 | <br><center>
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| 129 | <h1>Setting up a client/server samhain system</h1>
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| 130 | </center>
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| 131 | <br>
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| 132 | <hr>
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| 133 | <p>
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| 134 | This document aims to explain how to set up a client/server
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| 135 | samhain system, where the client (samhain) runs on one machine to be
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| 136 | monitored, and sends reports via TCP/IP to a remote server (yule).
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| 137 | </p>
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| 138 | <p>
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| 139 | <b>Please note:</b> the server (yule) does not perform any filesystem and/or
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| 140 | kernel checks. If you want to perform such checks on the log server host,
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| 141 | you need to run a samhain client on this host as well.
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| 142 | </p>
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| 143 | <p>
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| 144 | Client and server are
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| 145 | <b>distict applications</b>, and must be
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| 146 | built seperately. By default, installation names and paths (e.g.
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| 147 | the configuration file) are
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| 148 | different. Do not blame us if you abuse './configure' options to
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| 149 | cause name clashes, if you install both on the same host.
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| 150 | </p>
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| 151 |
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| 152 | <h2>Introduction</h2>
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| 153 | <p>
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| 154 | Samhain can be compiled for remote logging to a central server via a
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| 155 | secure (AES-encrypted, signed, and authenticated) TCP/IP connection.
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| 156 | </p><p>
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| 157 | In addition, both the client configuration file and the file signature
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| 158 | database can be stored on the server. The client will then pull them from
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| 159 | the server upon startup.
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| 160 | </p><p>
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| 161 | This requires three basic steps:
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| 162 | </p>
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| 163 | <ol>
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| 164 | <li>
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| 165 | compile and install server and client,
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| 166 | </li>
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| 167 | <li>
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| 168 | establish trust between client and server, and
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| 169 | </li>
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| 170 | <li>
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| 171 | enable remote logging in the client's configuration file.
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| 172 | </li>
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| 173 | </ol>
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| 174 |
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| 175 |
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| 176 | <h2>Compiling</h2>
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| 177 |
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| 178 | <h3>The server - yule</h3>
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| 179 |
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| 180 | <p>
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| 181 | <b>Note: </b> the server can be started with root privileges (e.g. to use
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| 182 | a privileged port < 1024), but it will always
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| 183 | drop root privileges irrevocably
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| 184 | before accepting any connections, and run as a non-root user. This user
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| 185 | can be specified explicitely with the <i>configure</i>
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| 186 | option <tt>--enable-identity=USER</tt>. The default is
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| 187 | the first existing user
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| 188 | out of the list <i>yule, daemon, nobody</i>.
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| 189 | </p>
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| 190 |
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| 191 | <pre>
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| 192 |
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| 193 | bash$ ./configure --enable-network=server
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| 194 | bash$ make
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| 195 | bash$ make install
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| 196 |
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| 197 | </pre>
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| 198 |
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| 199 | <h3>The client - samhain</h3>
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| 200 |
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| 201 |
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| 202 | <ul>
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| 203 | <li>
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| 204 | <p>
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| 205 | If you just want remote logging:
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| 206 | </p><p>
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| 207 | <tt> ./configure --enable-network=client
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| 208 | --with-logserver=server.example.com</tt>
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| 209 | </p>
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| 210 | </li>
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| 211 | <li>
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| 212 | <p>
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| 213 | If you want configuration and database files on the server:
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| 214 | </p><p>
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| 215 | <tt> ./configure --enable-network=client
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| 216 | --with-logserver=server.example.com \<br />
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| 217 | --with-config-file=REQ_FROM_SERVER/etc/samhainrc \<br />
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| 218 | --with-data-file=REQ_FROM_SERVER/var/lib/samhain/samhain_file</tt>
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| 219 | </p>
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| 220 | </li>
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| 221 | </ul>
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| 222 | <p>
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| 223 | The path after the keyword <tt>REQ_FROM_SERVER</tt> has the following meaning:
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| 224 | <ul>
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| 225 | <li>for the configuration file:
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| 226 | <ul>
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| 227 | <li> if <i>initializing</i>, and the connection to the server
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| 228 | fails, samhain will fall back on the local file (if given);
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| 229 | </li>
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| 230 | <li> if in <i>check mode</i>, it is <i>ignored</i>. Samhain will
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| 231 | abort if the connection to the server fails.
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| 232 | </li>
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| 233 | </ul>
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| 234 | Thus, the local path allows you to initialize the database from a local
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| 235 | configuration file before the client is known to the server.
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| 236 | </li>
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| 237 | <li>for the database file:
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| 238 | <ul>
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| 239 | <li> if <i>initializing</i>, the database is written to the local file;
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| 240 | </li>
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| 241 | <li> if in <i>check mode</i>, the local path is <i>ignored</i>. Samhain will
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| 242 | abort if the connection to the server fails.
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| 243 | </li>
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| 244 | </ul>
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| 245 | Thus, <i>init</i> (or <i>update</i>) always requires a local file that
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| 246 | must be uploaded to the server thereafter. <b>Note</b> that if you
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| 247 | use the <b>Beltane</b> web-based frontend, database updates can be performed
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| 248 | on the server without ever running an <i>update</i> on the client.
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| 249 | </li>
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| 250 | </ul>
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| 251 |
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| 252 | <h2>Establishing trust between client and server</h2>
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| 253 |
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| 254 | <p>
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| 255 | By default, samhain uses the SRP (Secure Remote Password) protocol,
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| 256 | with a password that is <i>embedded in the client binary</i>, and a
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| 257 | corresponding verifier that is in the <i>server configuration file</i>.
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| 258 | </p>
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| 259 |
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| 260 | <h3>Embedding the password in the client, and register it with the server</h3>
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| 261 |
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| 262 | <p>
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| 263 | To embed the password in the binary, there is a dummy password compiled
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| 264 | in as placeholder, and a utility <i>samhain_setpwd</i> is provided that
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| 265 | </p>
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| 266 |
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| 267 | <ol>
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| 268 | <li>
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| 269 | takes a password as input,
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| 270 | </li>
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| 271 | <li>
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| 272 | searches the original binary for the
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| 273 | correct place (i.e. the placeholder), and
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| 274 | </li>
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| 275 | <li>
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| 276 | writes a copy of the original binary, with the placeholder replaced
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| 277 | by the password. The original is left untouched. The copy cannot
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| 278 | be changed to another password anymore.
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| 279 | </li>
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| 280 | </ol>
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| 281 |
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| 282 |
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| 283 | <p>
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| 284 | For convenience, the server has functions to
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| 285 | </p>
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| 286 |
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| 287 | <ul>
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| 288 | <li>
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| 289 | <p>
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| 290 | generate a random password in the correct format:
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| 291 | </p><p>
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| 292 | <tt> sh$ yule -G</tt>
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| 293 | </p>
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| 294 | </li>
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| 295 | <li>
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| 296 | <p>
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| 297 | and generate a corresponding entry for the
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| 298 | server configuration file:
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| 299 | </p><p>
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| 300 | <tt> sh$ yule -P PASSWORD</tt>.
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| 301 | <p>
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| 302 | </li>
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| 303 | <li>
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| 304 | The generated entry has a string <tt>'HOSTNAME'</tt> that you should
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| 305 | replace with the fully qualified name of the client. This entry must
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| 306 | then be placed in the <tt>[Clients]</tt> section of the yule configuration
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| 307 | file (e.g. <tt>/etc/yulerc</tt>).
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| 308 | </li>
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| 309 | <li>
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| 310 | Finally, you need to tell yule to reload the configuration (send SIGHUP,
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| 311 | or use <tt>/etc/init.d/yule reload</tt>).
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| 312 | </li>
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| 313 | </ul>
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| 314 |
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| 315 |
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| 316 | <h3>Example</h3>
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| 317 |
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| 318 | <pre style="background-color:#DDDDDD; color:#000000">
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| 319 |
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| 320 | rainer$ ./samhain_setpwd
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| 321 |
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| 322 | Usage: samhain_setpwd <filename> <suffix> <new_password>
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| 323 |
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| 324 | This program is a utility that will:
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| 325 | - search in the binary executable <filename> for samhain's
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| 326 | compiled-in default password,
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| 327 | - change it to <new_password>,
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| 328 | - and output the modified binary to <filename>.<suffix>
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| 329 |
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| 330 | To allow for non-printable chars, <new_password> must be
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| 331 | a 16-digit hexadecimal number (only 0-9,A-F allowed in input),
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| 332 | thus corresponding to an 8-byte password.
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| 333 |
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| 334 | Example: 'samhain_setpwd samhain new 4142434445464748'
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| 335 | takes the file 'samhain', sets the password to 'ABCDEFGH'
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| 336 | ('A' = 41 hex, 'B' = 42 hex, ...) and outputs the result
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| 337 | to 'samhain.new'.
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| 338 |
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| 339 | rainer$ yule -G
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| 340 | 5B5CDF18CE8D66A3
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| 341 |
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| 342 | rainer$ ./samhain_setpwd samhain new 5B5CDF18CE8D66A3
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| 343 | INFO old password found
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| 344 | INFO replaced: f7c312aaaa12c3f7 by: 5b5cdf18ce8d66a3
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| 345 | INFO finished
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| 346 |
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| 347 | rainer$ scp ./samhain.new root@client.example.com:/usr/local/sbin/samhain
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| 348 | samhain 100% |********************************| 592 KB 00:00
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| 349 |
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| 350 | rainer$ yule -P 5B5CDF18CE8D66A3
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| 351 | Client=HOSTNAME@8A542F99C3514499@744C3A3EE8323470D9DAD42E2485BD0B138F6B4116E964\
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| 352 | A9991A0B0D221E1AADE5800968804B99B494C39E7B9DD5710D18F1E6703D1DB6D6393295E05DF6A\
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| 353 | 6AA8D10BB4A21D7D9DC4901D444500D4EA358C1B44A3E3D44ACEC645F938F790A11AB0D03586143\
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| 354 | 977E2BCE3A2D689445AC89134B409E68F34B0DE8BD8242ADD7C0
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| 355 |
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| 356 | rainer$ yule -P 5B5CDF18CE8D66A3 | sed s%HOSTNAME%client.example.com% >> /etc/yulerc
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| 357 |
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| 358 | rainer$ tail -2 /etc/yulerc
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| 359 | [Clients]
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| 360 | Client=client.example.com@8A542F99C3514499@744C3A3EE8323470D9DAD42E2485BD0B138F
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| 361 | 6B4116E964A9991A0B0D221E1AADE5800968804B99B494C39E7B9DD5710D18F1E6703D1DB6D6393
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| 362 | 295E05DF6A6AA8D10BB4A21D7D9DC4901D444500D4EA358C1B44A3E3D44ACEC645F938F790A11AB
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| 363 | 0D03586143977E2BCE3A2D689445AC89134B409E68F34B0DE8BD8242ADD7C0
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| 364 |
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| 365 | rainer$ /etc/init.d/yule reload
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| 366 |
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| 367 | </pre>
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| 368 |
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| 369 | <p>
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| 370 | <b>Note 1:</b> the verifier <tt>Client=client.example.com@.....</tt> must be
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| 371 | in the <b>[Clients]</b> section of the server configuration file. It is
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| 372 | convenient if this is the last section in the config file, because then
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| 373 | you can just concatenate the output of <tt>yule -P PASSWORD</tt> to the
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| 374 | configuration file. This allows for better automatisation with a simple
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| 375 | script.
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| 376 | </p>
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| 377 | <p>
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| 378 | <b>Note 2:</b> samhain comes with a <b>deploy system</b> that handles
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| 379 | the deployment of clients, including password embedding and server
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| 380 | configuration, in a semi-automatic way.
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| 381 | This deploy system is tested and used in a production system
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| 382 | of more than 50 machines, and described in detail in Chapt. 10 of the MANUAL.
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| 383 | </p>
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| 384 |
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| 385 | <h2>Enabling remote logging</h2>
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| 386 | <p>
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| 387 | Samhain has multiple independent logging facilities (such as a local logfile,
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| 388 | syslog, e-mail, TCP/IP, etc.) that can be used
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| 389 | in parallel. You therefore have to specify in the client's configuration
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| 390 | file, <b>which logging facility</b> you want to use.
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| 391 | </p>
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| 392 | <p>
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| 393 | Selecting logging facilities is done by setting appropriate <b>thresholds</b>
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| 394 | in the <b>[Log]</b> section of the configuration file: each
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| 395 | message with a <b>priority</b> exceeding
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| 396 | the threshold will be logged via the respective facility. Setting
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| 397 | the threshold to <i>none</i> will disable a facility. For details,
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| 398 | refer to Chapt. 4 in the MANUAL.
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| 399 | </p>
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| 400 | <h3>Example</h3>
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| 401 | <p>
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| 402 | To enable remote logging to the server for all messages of
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| 403 | priority <i>error</i> or higher, use the following directive in the
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| 404 | client configuration file:
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| 405 | </p>
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| 406 | <pre style="background-color:#DDDDDD; color:#000000">
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| 407 |
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| 408 | [Log]
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| 409 | ExportSeverity=err
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| 410 |
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| 411 | </pre>
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| 412 |
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| 413 |
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| 414 | <h2>Databases and config files on the server</h2>
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| 415 |
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| 416 | <p>
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| 417 | The client does <i>not</i> tell the server the path to the requested
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| 418 | file - it just requests a config or a database file. It's entirely the
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| 419 | responsibility of the server to locate the correct file and send it.
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| 420 | </p>
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| 421 | <p>
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| 422 | The server has a <i>data directory</i>, which by default would be
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| 423 | <tt>/var/lib/yule</tt>, but depends on your compile options.
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| 424 | </p>
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| 425 | <p>
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| 426 | Config files and baseline databases for clients must be located
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| 427 | in this directory, and they must be named as follows:
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| 428 | </p>
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| 429 | <p>
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| 430 | Configuration files: <tt>rc.</tt><i>client.mydomain.tld</i> or
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| 431 | simply <tt>rc</tt>
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| 432 | (this can be used as a catchall file).
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| 433 | </p>
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| 434 | <p>
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|---|
| 435 | Database files: <tt>file.</tt><i>client.mydomain.tld</i> or
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| 436 | simply <tt>file</tt>
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|---|
| 437 | (this can be used as a catchall file).
|
|---|
| 438 | </p>
|
|---|
| 439 | </div>
|
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| 440 | </body>
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| 441 | </html>
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